Electro_migration:
- Electro migration is nothing but , the current in a metal wire is more than the current carrying capability of that metal wire is called Electro migration
- Electro migration can lead to opens or shorts due to metal ion displacement caused by the flow of electrons
- Electro migration will come in both Power ans Signal nets
- Power Em is more crucial than signal em because the current direction in the power net is uni direction but in signal both the direction that's why less electromigration in signal nets compared to power nets
Electro migration Fixing techniques
- Increasing the Metal width will to fix the electromigration ,which means if you increase the metal width the current carrying capability of that metal wire will increase , means the current density will reduce
- current density = current / area
- Area =width x thickness
- sigma = current /W*T
- current density and width is inversely proportional
- Metal jumping Top metal layers also a one of the technique because Top metal layer width is high compared to lower metal layers
- Non Default rules double width will help to fix the em violation
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